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penal authorities

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  • Penal Laws — • Treats of the penal legislation affecting Catholics in English speaking countries since the Reformation. Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Penal Laws     Penal Laws      …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • Penal harm — Penal harm, an intentionally harsher form of the deprivation of liberty , is the belief that during custodial sentences (mainly in prison or reformatory), inmates should endure additional pain and suffering, not just having their basic rights… …   Wikipedia

  • PENAL LAW — Principles of Legality Under talmudic law, no act is a criminal offense and punishable as such unless laid down in express terms in the Bible (the Written Law). For this purpose, it is not sufficient that there should be a provision imposing a… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Penal labour — Female convicts chained together by their necks for work on a road. Dar es Salaam, Tanganyika c.1890 1927. Penal labour is a form of unfree labour in which prisoners perform work, typically manual labour. The work may be light or hard, depending… …   Wikipedia

  • Penal Code (Singapore) — The Penal Code of Singapore [Singapore Statute | c ed = 1985] sets out general principles of the criminal law of Singapore, as well as the elements and penalties of common criminal offences such as homicide, theft and cheating. The Penal Code… …   Wikipedia

  • Penal Laws (Ireland) — The Penal Laws in Ireland ( ga. Na Péindlíthe) refers to a series of laws imposed under British rule that sought to discriminate against Roman Catholics and Protestant dissenters in favour of the established Church of Ireland. [ T. A. Jackson,… …   Wikipedia

  • Penal transportation — For other uses, see Transportation (disambiguation). Women in England mourning their lovers who are soon to be transported to Botany Bay, 1792 Transportation or penal transportation is the …   Wikipedia

  • Penal system of Japan — The Penal system of Japan (including prisons) is part of the criminal justice system of Japan. It is intended to resocialize, reform, and rehabilitate offenders. ProcedureOn confinement, prisoners are first classified according to gender,… …   Wikipedia

  • Indian Penal Code — (IPC, Hindi: भारतीय दण्ड संहिता) provides a penal code for all of India including Jammu and Kashmir, where it was renamed the Ranbir Penal Code (RPC). The code applies to any offence committed by an Indian Citizen anywhere and on any Indian… …   Wikipedia

  • Roman Catholicism's links with political authorities — The Roman Catholic Church has had constantly evolving relationships with various forms of government, some of them controversial in retrospect. In its history it has had to deal with various concepts and systems of governance, from the Roman… …   Wikipedia

  • prisons — Prisons, understood here specifically as spaces of confinement in which convicted criminals are detained for the duration of their custodial sentence, did not appear in China until the beginning of the twentieth century. After the disaster of the …   Encyclopedia of Contemporary Chinese Culture

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